Estimating geriatric patient's body weight using the knee height caliper and mid-arm circumference in Hong Kong Chinese

Abstract

The use of the knee height caliper is a convenient way to estimate a patient's body weight. However, the equation devised to estimate an individual's body weight was specifically designed for Caucasians and Blacks. Therefore, this study is to assess the suitability of the knee height caliper among Chinese geriatric patients residing in Hong Kong. Over a six-month period, all geriatric patients from an acute care hospital and private nursing home in the Kwun Tong were recruited into the study. Only patients/residents that were considered unstable with ascites; low blood pressure; on cardiac monitors or had respiratory difficulties were excluded. Measurements from the knee height caliper and mid-arm muscle circumference of the patients were necessary for estimating their body weights. The actual body weights measured with calibrated bed, chair or portable scales was compared with the calculated body weights from the equation. A comparison of the mean and linear regression was performed for analysis of the results. A total of 300 geriatric patients (200 females and 100 males) were recruited. The mean MAC and knee height results were as follows: 25.1 cm (SD 3.9) for females and 26.2 cm (SD 3.2) for males; and 45.75 cm (SD 2.09) for females and 48.98 cm (SD 2.09) for males respectively. The mean difference among the male group was 0.4222 (95% CI: -0.54, 1.39) with a mean estimated body weight of 58.1 kg (SD 10.1) and a mean actual body weight of 57.7 kg (SD 9.9). The mean difference among the female group was 2.9649 (95% CI: 2.30, 3.63) with a mean estimated body weight of 51.6 kg (SD 10.9) and a mean actual body weight of 48.6 kg (SD 10.1). A new equation devised from the data is as follows: Chinese males (over 60 years of age) (R-square -0.81) Weight = [knee height (cm) x 0.928 + mid-arm circumference (cm) x 2.508 - age (years) x 0.144] - 42.543 +/-9.9kg of actual weight for 95% of Chinese males; Chinese females (over 60 years of age) (R-square - 0.82) Weight (kg) = [knee height (cm) x 0.826 + mid-arm circumference (cm) x 2.116 - age (years) x 0.133] - 31.486 +/-10.1kg of actual weight for 95% of Chinese females. The results showed that the mean estimated body weight calculated from the knee height equation (for Caucasians) was significantly larger than the mean actual body weight for the Chinese subjects. This study suggests that the knee height caliper is a useful tool for estimating the body weights. However, a multi-center study is necessary to validate the new equation for the elderly Chinese population.