Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: an intermediate report of survivorship after the introduction of a new system with analysis of failures

Abstract

We describe the outcome of a series of 66 consecutive porous coated low contact stress (LCS) unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) cases performed in 52 patients for osteoarthritis (OA) by a single surgeon. Both survival, using the endpoint of revision for any cause, and knee function, using the Oxford knee score (OKS) as a validated outcome measure, were established in a retrospective review. At an average postoperative follow-up period of 5.9 years (range 5.1-6.6), there were 8 knees in patients who had died and 58 knees in those who were still living. We established the status of all knees, and prosthesis survival at 5 years was 89.7% (95% confidence interval, 81.6% to 97.7%). Technical errors were responsible for four of six failures and included progression of lateral compartment OA due to overcorrection, a medial tibial stress fracture due to poor pin placement, and a case where cement was required and poor cementing technique lead to early tibial component loosening. In the remaining 52 knees, the average preoperative OKS had improved significantly (p<0.0001) from 37.0 (range, 17-49) to a postoperative score of 20.5 (range, 13-32). We conclude that the functional results following UKA compare favourably to total knee arthropasty (TKA); however, the survivorship of this series does not match that of published reports of TKA. The introduction of a new system of UKA includes the risk of early failures due to surgeon error, even when a surgeon is competent in UKA, warranting careful surveillance during this period.