Overlap of the p53-responsive element and cAMP-responsive element in the enhancer of human T-cell leukemia virus type I

Abstract

The wild-type p53 protein suppresses transformation, but certain missense mutants of p53 can transform cells. Although the wild-type p53 protein contains a transcriptional activation domain, no p53-responsive element has been identified. Here, we identified the p53-responsive element within the Tax-responsive element [21-base-pair (bp) enhancer] of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Mutation analysis of the 21-bp enhancer indicated that the 16-bp sequence containing the cAMP-responsive element and its surrounding sequence was responsible for p53-induced transactivation. This 16-bp sequence was demonstrated to bind specifically to wild-type human p53 protein in vitro. Using a series of deletion mutants of p53, we showed that almost the entire region of p53 is needed for the transactivating capacity. Furthermore, the transforming mutants of p53 were unable to act as transcriptional activators. The p53-responsive element identified here should be useful to analyze the mechanism by which p53 regulates expression of a set of genes with a negative effect on cellular growth.