Additivity of bimatoprost or travoprost to latanoprost in glaucomatous monkey eyes

Abstract

Objective: To compare the ocular hypotensive effect of the commercially available preparations of bimatoprost or travoprost added to latanoprost in monkey eyes with laser-induced unilateral glaucoma.

Methods: Four monkeys with unilateral laser-induced glaucoma were used in each treatment group and received drops in the glaucomatous eye only. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured hourly for 6 hours, beginning at 9:30 am on day 1 (untreated baseline), days 6 and 7 (single-agent therapy), and days 13 and 14 (2-drug combination therapy). On days 2 through 7, 1 drop of the scheduled single agent was given immediately after the 9:30 am IOP measurement, and on days 8 through 14, the second scheduled drug was given 5 minutes after the first. The following 5 different dosing protocols were studied: latanoprost with bimatoprost added, bimatoprost with latanoprost added, latanoprost with travoprost added, travoprost with latanoprost added, and latanoprost with a second dose of latanoprost added.

Results: There were no statistically significant (P =.95) differences among the mean baseline IOPs in any of the 5 treatment groups. When applied as single agents, latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost all produced significant (P<.05) and equivalent (P =.98) reductions in IOP. The mean +/-SEM maximum reduction (P<.05) from baseline IOP was 7.0 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (20% reduction) with travoprost alone, 6.5 +/- 1.6 mm Hg (18%) with bimatoprost alone, and 7.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg (22%) with latanoprost alone. The mean +/-SEM maximum additive reductions in IOP were 3.0 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (P<.05) for travoprost added to latanoprost; 2.0 +/- 0.4 mm Hg (P<.05) for latanoprost added to travoprost; 4.8 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (P<.05) for bimatoprost added to latanoprost; 4.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (P<.05) for latanoprost added to bimatoprost; and 0.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg (P>.60) for latanoprost added to itself. The combination of bimatoprost and latanoprost produced a greater (P<.05) lowering of IOP at trough and peak than the combination of travoprost and latanoprost.

Conclusions: Latanoprost, bimatoprost, and travoprost used as monotherapy produced significant and equivalent reductions in IOP in glaucomatous monkey eyes. The IOP effects of the commercial concentrations of bimatoprost or travoprost were additive to that of latanoprost, with bimatoprost showing a greater additive response than travoprost. Clinical Relevance Because treatment with multiple medications is common among patients with glaucoma, determining which glaucoma medications produce an additive ocular hypotensive response when used in combination has practical implications for clinicians.