Modest in vivo exposure to solar wavelengths induces a visible absorbing chromophore in Skh-1 mouse epidermis

Abstract

Background/purpose: In the previous work, we correlated epidermal hyperplasia with increased epidermal absorption in the 250-400 nm region. During a recent review of that work, the apparent formation of a chromophore, with absorption slightly longer than 400 nm, in the epidermis of irradiated animals was noted. In this study, we have extended the transmission measurement to include the 250-800 nm region.

Methods: Age-matched Skh-1 hairless mice were separated into three groups. One group was irradiated with 6.3 J/cm(2) (0.9 minimal erythemal dose; MED) of solar simulating ultraviolet radiation (SSUVR) five times/week for 2 weeks, then increased to 1.1 MED (7.1 J/cm(2)) for two additional weeks (20-day group). A second 10-day group, added halfway through the protocol, was irradiated with 0.9 MED five times/week for 2 weeks. The control group received no UV irradiation. Routine H&E staining and epidermal absorption spectral analysis were carried out on biopsy specimens from each animal.

Results: This work confirms the development or enhancement of a visible chromophore with a maximum absorption at ca 412 nm. This peak appears to be radiation dose dependent. It can be discerned in both the groups, albeit more prominently in the 20-day animals. The absorption is sufficiently strong to impart a yellow to reddish appearance to skin viewed in full spectrum visible light.

Conclusions: Accumulation of such a chromophore in humans may contribute to the coloration of chronically exposed skin. The absorption strength and wavelength location of the peak is strongly suggestive of a heme-like compound. We are currently conducting experiments to further characterize this chromophore.