Health status ten years after pediatric liver transplantation--looking beyond the graft

Abstract

Background: Little is known about long-term health after pediatric orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study aimed to characterize the health status of recipients 10 years after OLT, with an emphasis on transplant-related morbidity and quality of life.

Methods: We performed a retrospective database review of 32 children who underwent OLT before October 1992 at one center and were alive after 10 years. Outcome measures were assessed 10 years after OLT. Cantril's self-anchoring scale was used for global quality of life assessment.

Results: Synthetic liver function at 10 years was preserved in all patients. The annual rate of episodes of acute rejection dropped markedly after the first year (1.4 at year 1 to 0.19 rejections/patient/year at year 10). Histologically confirmed chronic rejection developed in eight (25%) patients. At 10 years, long-term complications included mild to severe chronic renal failure (77%), mild chronic anemia (59%), and hypertension (25%). Significant growth retardation (z-score < -2), hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were uncommon. Infection requiring hospitalization occurred in 81% of the patients, with varicella zoster virus as the most common pathogen. Epstein-Barr virus-related malignancies affected 22% of patients. Ten-year survivors perceived quality of life as very good. Self-reporting of drug nonadherence by seven (22%) adolescents may have contributed to development of late onset rejection in this subgroup. Conclusions. Children who are 10-year survivors of OLT have excellent graft function and, despite chronic extrahepatic morbidities, a self-reported high quality of life.