[Determinants of malnutrition in a low-income population: hierarchical analytical model]

Abstract

To investigate the determinants of malnutrition among low-income children, the effects of socioeconomic, environmental, reproductive, morbidity, child care, birthweight and breastfeeding variables on stunting and wasting were studied. All 354 children below two years of age living in two urban slum areas of Pelotas, southern Brazil, were included. The multivariate analyses took into account the hierarchical structure of the risk factors for each type of deficit. Variables selected as significant on a given level of the model were considered as risk factors, even if their statistical significance was subsequently lost when hierarchically inferior variables were included. The final model for stunting included the variables education and presence of the father, maternal education and employment, birthweight and age. For wasting, the variables selected were the number of household appliances, birth interval, housing conditions, borough, birthweight, age, gender and previous hospitalizations.