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. 2004 Oct;16(10):2553-9.
doi: 10.1105/tpc.104.161070.

Vernalization, competence, and the epigenetic memory of winter

Richard Amasino  1
Affiliations

Vernalization, competence, and the epigenetic memory of winter

Richard Amasino. Plant Cell. 2004 Oct.
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Examples of Plants Requiring Vernalization. (A) A biennial cabbage (Brassica oleracea) variety with an obligate vernalization requirement that had been growing for five years without cold exposure. The small plant in my daughter's hands is a summer-annual variety of B. oleracea that flowers rapidly without vernalization. (B) and (C) Summer annual and vernalization-requiring types of henbane (B) and Arabidopsis (C). In both examples, a single-dominant gene is responsible for the vernalization-requiring habit. All plants were grown in long days (inductive photoperiods) without vernalization. The rapid-flowering summer annuals (which have initiated flowering) are at left and the winter-annual types at right. (Henbane images courtesy of Jan Zeevaart.)
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Flowering Pathways. (A) Diagram of flowering pathways in Arabidopsis. This is a simplified model that does not contain all of the genes involved in flowering time control in Arabidopsis. The thickness of the lines indicates the hierarchy of FLC regulation: FRI overrides the repressive effect of the autonomous pathway and vernalization overrides the effect of FRI. (B) A model of recent advances in the control of flowering by vernalization in wheat. As discussed in the text, wheat VRN1 and VRN2 are not homologous to Arabidopsis. Wheat VRN1 is a MADS domain protein that is most similar to AP1 in Arabidopsis; wheat VRN2 has no known homolog in Arabidopsis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Ausin, I., Alonso-Blanco, C., Jarillo, J.A., Ruiz-Garcia, L., and Martinez-Zapater, J.M. (2004). Regulation of flowering time by FVE, a retinoblastoma-associated protein. Nat. Genet. 36, 162–166. - PubMed
    1. Bastow, R., Mylne, J.S., Lister, C., Lippman, Z., Martienssen, R.A., and Dean, C. (2004). Vernalization requires epigenetic silencing of FLC by histone methylation. Nature 427, 164–167. - PubMed
    1. Bernier, G., Kinet, J.-M., and Sachs, R.M. (1981). The Physiology of Flowering. (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press).
    1. Burn, J.E., Smyth, D.R., Peacock, W.J., and Dennis, E.S. (1993). Genes conferring late flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetica 90, 147–155.

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