The nuclear tyrosine kinase BRK/Sik phosphorylates and inhibits the RNA-binding activities of the Sam68-like mammalian proteins SLM-1 and SLM-2

Abstract

Expression of the intracellular tyrosine kinase BRK/Sik is epithelial-specific and regulated during differentiation. Only a few substrates have been identified for BRK/Sik, including the KH domain containing RNA-binding protein Sam68 and the novel adaptor protein BKS. Although the physiological role of Sam68 is unknown, it has been shown to regulate mRNA transport, pre-mRNA splicing, and polyadenylation. Here we demonstrate that the Sam68-like mammalian proteins SLM-1 and SLM-2 but not the related KH domain containing heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K are novel substrates of BRK/Sik. The expression of active BRK/Sik results in increased SLM-1 and SLM-2 phosphorylation and increased retention of BRK/Sik within the nucleus. The phosphorylation of SLM-1 and SLM-2 has functional relevance and leads to inhibition of their RNA-binding abilities. We show that SLM-1, SLM-2, and BRK/Sik have restricted patterns of expression unlike the ubiquitously expressed Sam68. Moreover, BRK/Sik, SLM-1, and Sam68 transcripts were coexpressed in the mouse gastrointestinal tract and skin, suggesting that SLM-1 and Sam68 could be physiologically relevant BRK/Sik targets in vivo. The ability of BRK/Sik to negatively regulate the RNA-binding activities of the KH domain RNA binding proteins SLM-1 and Sam68 may have an impact on the posttranscriptional regulation of epithelial cell gene expression.