Prevalence of high fasting plasma glucose and risk of developing end-stage renal disease in screened subjects in Okinawa, Japan

Abstract

Background: The number of diabetic dialysis patients is increasing worldwide. Only a few studies, however, have examined the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for the development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the general population.

Methods: We examined the cumulative incidence of ESRD based on the results of community-based mass screening in Okinawa, Japan, performed in 1993 by the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) data were available for 78 529 screenees (37 197 men and 41 332 women). DM was diagnosed when the FPG was 126 mg/dl or more. Screenees who developed ESRD by the end of 2000 were identified through the Dialysis Registry, Okinawa Dialysis Study.

Results: The mean (SD) FPG was 96.5 (22.8) mg/dl, ranging from 45 to 577 mg/dl. The prevalence of DM among the screenees was 4089 (5.2%). A total of 133 screenees (82 men and 51 women) developed ESRD during the 7.75-year study period. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) in the high-FPG group for the risk of developing ESRD was 3.098 (95% CI, 1.738-5.525; P = 0.0001), when adjusted for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, hematocrit, serum creatinine, hematuria, and proteinuria.

Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that FPG is a significant, independent predictor of ESRD. FPG and proteinuria measurements are euqally important in detecting individuals at high risk for developing ESRD.