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Review
. 2004 Oct;82(4):799-804.
doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.05.076.

Can endometrial infection/inflammation explain implantation failure, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth after in vitro fertilization?

Roberto Romero  1 , Jimmy Espinoza, Moshe Mazor
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Can endometrial infection/inflammation explain implantation failure, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth after in vitro fertilization?

Roberto Romero et al. Fertil Steril. 2004 Oct.
Free article

Abstract

The endometrial cavity is frequently invaded by microorganisms, and subclinical endometrial infection or inflammation may play a role in implantation failure after IVF, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth. Microbial products and host-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines can cause trophoblast apoptosis and the cascade of events leading to expulsion of the embryo or fetus.

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