Evaluation of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal canal by computed tomography

Abstract

Aim: To examine the anatomy, length and angulation of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal canals (AECs and PECs) using computed tomography (CT), and to determine the anatomical landmarks in which the canals are expected to be seen in transverse and coronal planes.

Materials and methods: CT images of 150 patients were analysed. One, 2, and 3 mm thick sections were obtained separately in axial and coronal images. The frequency of visualization of the AECs and PECs, and if present, a third canal, was noted. The course and the angulation of the AEC and the PEC in transverse and coronal planes were recorded. On axial sections the distance between the AEC and PEC and the previously defined landmarks were measured. On coronal images, the distances were calculated from the thickness of the cross-section and the number of sections between the various structures.

Results: The AEC was identified as a separate canal in 84% of patients, and was embedded in the ethmoid roof in 16%. The PEC was seen as a separate canal in 8% and was present in the ethmoid roof in 92%. On the 1 mm thick coronal and transverse sections, a third canal was identified at the junction of the middle and posterior third of the AEC-PEC distance in both of the images. The average lengths of these canals were 4-12 mm (mean 8.2 mm) for the AEC, and 2-13 mm (mean 7.6 mm) for the PEC.

Conclusions: To avoid the complications that can develop during endoscopic sinus surgery; the course, length and the angulations of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries and their canals can be identified by CT in standard positions if a sufficiently thin section thickness is used. The present study has shown the exact CT localization of the AECs and PECS, which are frequently overlooked when evaluating para-nasal sinuses.