Fracture behavior of lithia disilicate- and leucite-based ceramics

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to characterize the fracture behavior of ceramics and test the hypothesis that variation in strength is associated with a variation in fracture toughness.

Methods: The following four groups of 20 bar specimens (25 x 4 x 1.2 mm) were fabricated (ISO standard 6872): E1, a hot-pressed leucite-based core ceramic (IPS Empress); E2, a hot-pressed lithia-based core ceramic (IPS Empress 2); ES, a hot-pressed lithia-based core ceramic (Experimental); and GV, a glass veneer (IPS Empress2 body). Specimens were subjected to four-point flexure loading in 37 degrees C distilled water. Fractographic analysis was performed to determine the fracture origin (c) for calculation of fracture toughness (KIC). Weibull analysis of flexure strength (sigma) data was also performed.

Results: Differences in mean sigma and KIC were statistically significant for E1 and GV (p<0.05). These differences are associated with processing effects and composition.

Significance: The higher mean sigma and KIC values of E2 and ES core ceramics suggest potentially improved structural performance compared with E1 although the Weibull moduli of E1 and E2 are the same.