Hyperhomocysteinemia is inversely related with left ventricular ejection fraction and predicts cardiovascular mortality in high-risk coronary artery disease hypertensives

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of plasma homocysteine (tHcy) levels with coronary artery disease (CAD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in high-risk patients undergoing coronary angiography for suspected CAD.

Methods and results: In 936 consecutive patients, we measured LVEF, tHcy, folate levels, and quantified CAD with a modified Duke Index score. We also genotyped patients at the methylen-tetrahydrofolate-reductase 677C-->T polymorphism. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was defined as tHcy levels > or =15.46 micromol/L; total and cardiovascular mortality was assessed at follow-up that lasted 43 months (median). CAD was confirmed in 75% of patients and ruled out in the rest (non-CAD group). No relationship of HHcy with either arterial hypertension or the CAD score was found. In contrast, there was a significant inverse relationship of tHcy with LVEF in arterial hypertensive but not in normotensive patients, regardless of previous myocardial infarction. At logistic regression, HHcy was the strongest predictor (P=0.001) of a low (<40%) LVEF, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking. At follow-up, HHcy significantly predicted cardiovascular mortality but only in the arterial hypertension subgroup.

Conclusions: In arterial hypertensive but not in normotensive patients, HHcy predicts cardiovascular mortality and a low LVEF, independent of CAD and history of myocardial infarction.