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. 2004 Nov;70(11):6401-6.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.70.11.6401-6406.2004.

Serologic and molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seawater and fish products of the Gulf of Mexico

María Eugenia Cabrera-García  1 , Carlos Vázquez-Salinas, Elsa Irma Quiñones-Ramírez
Affiliations

Serologic and molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains isolated from seawater and fish products of the Gulf of Mexico

María Eugenia Cabrera-García et al. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2004 Nov.

Abstract

The thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) are the main virulence factors of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We isolated V. parahaemolyticus from seawater, fish, and oysters obtained from the Pueblo Viejo Lagoon in Veracruz, determined the serogroups, phenotypically and genotypically characterized TDH and TRH, and investigated the presence of the toxR gene. A total of 46 V. parahaemolyticus strains were isolated, and all of them amplified the 368-bp toxR gene fragment. The trh gene was not identified in any of the strains; 4 of the 46 strains were Kanagawa phenomenon (KP) positive and amplified the 251-bp tdh gene fragment. The most frequent serogroup was serogroup O3. This is the first report of the presence of KP-positive tdh-positive environmental V. parahaemolyticus strains in Mexico.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Distribution of the 12 sampling sites in the Pueblo Viejo Lagoon, Veracruz. Site 1, El Bajo; site 2, Punto de Buda; site 3, Santa Clara; site 4, Ensenada; site 5, El Ciruelo; site 6, Cruz de Piedra; site 7, Isleta de Coralillo; site 8, Isleta Tomate; site 9, Medianía; site 10, Tamales; site 11, Punta de Mala Gana; site 12, Puente Hondo. Modified from reference .
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Number of samples (S) from the Pueblo Viejo Lagoon positive for V. parahaemolyticus over the study period. Jn, June; Ago, August; Sep, September; Nov, November; Feb, February; Mar, March; Ab, April; My, May.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Amplification of the toxR gene by PCR. The primers amplified a 368-bp fragment. Lanes 1 and 6, molecular weight marker φX147/HaeIII; lane 2, control strain V. parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802; lane 3, negative control strain Va-219; lanes 4 and 5, experimental strains.
FIG. 4.
FIG. 4.
Amplification of the tdh gene by PCR. The primers amplified a 251-bp fragment. Lane 1, molecular weight marker φX174/HaeIII; lane 2, control strain V. parahaemolyticus WP1; lane 3, negative control strain Va-219; lanes 4 to 9, experimental strains.
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