Ligand oxidations in high-spin nickel thiolate complexes and zinc analogues

Abstract

Oxidations of a trigonal-bipyramidal, high-spin Ni(II) dithiolate complex of a pentadentate, N3S2-donor ligand, N1,N9-bis(imino-2-mercaptopropane)-1,5,9-triazanonane) nickel(II), and the structurally analogous Zn(II) complex, lead to oxidations of the ligand. Oxidation of the Ni(II) complex with I2 produces a novel Ni(II) macrocyclic cationic complex containing a monodentate disulfide ligand (2). Crystals of the I3- salt of the complex form in the triclinic space group P(1) with cell dimensions a=8.508(3) A, b=9.681(2) A, c=14.066(4) A, angles alpha=90.97(2) degrees , beta=91.61(3) degrees , gamma=90.83(2) degrees , and Z=2. The structure was refined to R=6.31% and Rw=16.63% (I > 2sigma(I)). Oxidation of the Ni(II) complex with O2 leads to the formation of a novel pentadentate bis-iminothiocarboxylate complex with trigonal-bipyramidal geometry (3). This neutral product crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with cell dimensions a=13.625(3) A, b=7.605(5) A, c=14.902(4) A, angles alpha=gamma=90 degrees, beta=102.81(2) degrees , and Z=4. The structure was refined to R=7.18% and Rw=17.86% (I > 2sigma(I)). Oxidation of the Zn(II) dithiolate analogue with O2 leads to the formation of the Zn(II) complex of the pentadentate bis-iminothiocarboxylate ligand. The neutral complex is isomorphous with the Ni(II) complex and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with cell dimensions a=13.8465(4) A, b=7.6453(2) A, c=15.0165(6) A, angles alpha=gamma=90 degrees , beta=103.2140(11) degrees , and Z=4. The structure was refined to R=3.96% and Rw=9.45% (I > 2sigma(I)). Details of the crystal structures are reported. Kinetics of the O2 reactions show that the reactions of the Ni(II) and Zn(II) dithiolates follow the rate law, Rate=k2[1][O2], with k2=1.81 M(-1) s(-1) for the Ni(II) complex and k2=1.93 x 10(-2) M(-1) s(-1) for the Zn(II) complex. The O2 oxidation of the high-spin Ni(II) thiolate complex was found to follow a similar oxidation mechanism to those of low-spin Ni(II) complexes, which form transient persulfoxide intermediates that yield S-oxidation products. In the case of the high-spin system reported here, the transient persulfoxide intermediate gives rise to an alternative ligand oxidation product, a bis-iminothiocarboxylate complex, because of the reactivity of the ligand, which contains a methylene with acidic H atoms alpha to the thiolate sulfur. The proposed mechanism is supported by studies of the analogous Zn dithiolate complex, which gives rise to the analogous bis-iminothiocarboxylate product (5).