Health-related quality of life among adolescents with allergy-like conditions - with emphasis on food hypersensitivity

Abstract

Background: It is known that there is an increase in the prevalence of allergy and that allergic diseases have a negative impact on individuals' health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, research in this field is mainly focused on individuals with verified allergy, i.e. leaving out those with self-reported allergy-like conditions but with no doctor-diagnosis. Furthermore, studies on food hypersensitivity and quality of life are scarce. In order to receive information about the extent to which adolescent females and males experience allergy-like conditions and the impact of these conditions on their everyday life, the present study aimed to investigate the magnitude of self-reported allergy-like conditions in adolescence and to evaluate their HRQL. Special focus was put on food hypersensitivity as a specific allergy-like condition and on gender differences.

Methods: In connection with lessons completed at the children's school, a study-specific questionnaire and the generic instrument SF-36 were distributed to 1488 adolescents, 13-21 years old (response rate 97%).

Results: Sixty-four per cent of the respondents reported some kind of allergy-like condition: 46% reported hypersensitivity to defined substances and 51% reported allergic diseases (i.e. asthma/wheezing, eczema/rash, rhino-conjunctivitis). A total of 19% reported food hypersensitivity. Females more often reported allergy-like conditions compared with males (p < 0.001). The adolescents with allergy-like conditions reported significantly lower HRQL (p < 0.001) in seven of the eight SF-36 health scales compared with adolescents without such conditions, regardless of whether the condition had been doctor-diagnosed or not. Most adolescents suffered from complex allergy-like conditions.

Conclusions: The results indicate a need to consider the psychosocial impact of allergy-like conditions during school age. Further research is needed to elucidate the gender differences in this area. A team approach addressing better understanding of how allergy-like conditions impair the HRQL may improve the management of the adolescent's health problems, both in health-care services and in schools.

Figure 1

Comparison of SF-36 scores between: a) females with allergy-like conditions and females with no such conditions, and b) males with allergy-like conditions and males with no such conditions. (Physical dimension: PF, physical functioning; RP, role functioning-physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health. Mental dimension: VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; SE, role functioning-emotional; MH, mental health.)

Figure 2

Comparison of SF-36 scores between: a) females with food hypersensitivity and females with other allergy-like conditions, b) males with food hypersensitivity and males with other allergy-like conditions, and c) adolescents with food hypersensitivity with or without allergic diseases. (Physical dimension: PF, physical functioning; RP, role functioning-physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health. Mental dimension: VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; SE, role functioning-emotional; MH, mental health.)

Figure 3

Comparison of SF-36 scores between adolescents with (A) only hypersensitivity to defined substances, (B) only allergic diseases and (C) both (p < 0.05: BP A > B and C; GH A > C). (Physical dimension: PF, physical functioning; RP, role functioning-physical; BP, bodily pain; GH, general health. Mental dimension: VT, vitality; SF, social functioning; SE, role functioning-emotional; MH, mental health.)