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. 2004 Dec;5(12):1110-6.
doi: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400307.

The environmental side effects of medication

Alistair B A Boxall  1
Affiliations

The environmental side effects of medication

Alistair B A Boxall. EMBO Rep. 2004 Dec.

Abstract

How are human and veterinary medicines in soils and water bodies affecting human and environmental health?

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Routes of pharmaceuticals entering the environment
None
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Benbrook CM (2002) Antibiotic drug use in U.S. aquaculture. www.iatp.org/library/antibiotics
    1. Boxall ABA, Kolpin DW, Hallingsorensen B, Tolls J (2003a) Are veterinary medicines causing environmental risks? Environ Sci Technol 37: 286A–294A - PubMed
    1. Boxall ABA, Fogg LA, Kay P, Blackwell PA, Pemberton EJ, Croxford A (2003b) Prioritisation of veterinary medicines in the UK environment. Toxicol Lett 142: 207–218 - PubMed
    1. Boxall ABA, Fogg LA, Blackwell PA, Kay P, Pemberton EJ, Croxford A (2004a) Veterinary medicines in the environment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 180: 1–91 - PubMed
    1. Boxall ABA, Kay P, Blackwell PA, Fogg LA (2004b) Fate of veterinary medicines applied to soils. In Pharmaceuticals in the Environment Kummerer K (ed), pp 165–180. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer

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