[Abdominal aortic injury as a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]

Abstract

A 58-year-old woman with a history of high blood pressure and cesarean section by median laparotomy underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. After initiation of pneumoperitoneum, hemodynamic instability developed (blood pressure 75/40 mm Hg, heart rate 47 beats/min) and resolved after volume replacement and administration of vasoactive drugs. The rest of the procedure was completed without further adverse events. After extubation, the patient was transferred to the anesthetic recovery ward, where she tended to hypotension that was unresponsive to volume replacement, with a hematocrit of 18% and hemoglobin concentration of 6.9 g/dL. Hemoperitoneum was suspected, and an emergency median laparotomy revealed 300 cc of blood in the peritoneal cavity, a large hematoma putting pressure on retroperitoneal structures, and 2 infrarenal aortic lesions (anterior and posterolateral). During the reoperation the patient required multiple transfusions and vasoactive drugs to maintain hemodynamic stability. Recovery in the postanesthetic care unit was uneventful. After transfer to the ward, on the 20th day after surgery she developed septic shock with intraabdominal fluid requiring surgical drainage and admission to the intensive care unit. Abdominal aortic injury during laparoscopic surgery usually occurs upon introduction of trocars for initiating pneumoperitoneum. The technique must be performed correctly and monitored properly to assure early detection of adverse events associated with high mortality.