Partial D-amino acid substitution: Improved enzymatic stability and preserved Ab recognition of a MUC2 epitope peptide

Abstract

The stability of an immunogen against enzymatic degradation is considered an important factor for the design of synthetic vaccines. For our studies, we have selected an epitope from the tandem-repeat unit of the high-molecular-weight MUC2 mucin glycoprotein, which can be underglycosylated in case of colon cancer. In this study, we prepared a MUC2 peptide containing the PTGTQ epitope of a MUC2 protein backbone-specific mAb 996 and its derivatives. In these peptides, the N- and C-terminal flanking regions were systematically substituted by up to three d-amino acids. Peptides prepared by solid-phase synthesis were tested for their mAb 996 binding in competitive ELISA experiments, and their stability was studied in serum and lysosomal preparation. Our data show that the epitope function of peptide (15)TPTPTGTQTPT(25) is retained even in the presence of two d-amino acid residues at its N-terminal flanking region and up to three at its C-terminal flanking region (tpTPTGTQtpt). Also, this partly d peptide shows high resistance against proteolytic degradation in diluted human serum and in lysosomal preparation. These findings suggest that, by appropriate combination of structural modifications (namely, d-amino acid substitution) in the flanks of an Ab epitope, it is feasible to construct a synthetic antigen with preserved recognition properties and high stability against enzymatic degradation. Peptides tPTPTGTQTpt and tpTPTGTQTpt derived from this study can be used for immunization experiments and as potential components of synthetic vaccines for tumor therapy.

Fig. 1.

Inhibition of 996 Ab binding to BSA-[K¹²VTPTPTPTGTQTPT²⁵-OH] target antigen with synthetic MUC2 peptides in ELISA competition assays, inhibition percentage vs. peptide concentration. (A) TPTPTGTQTPT (□), TPTPTGTQtpt (○), tptPTGTQTPT (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (•). (B) TPTPTGTQtpt (□), tPTPTGTQtpt (○), tpTPTGTQtpt (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (•). (C) tptPTGTQTPT (□), tptPTGTQTPt (○), tptPTGTQTpt (▪) and tptPTGTQtpt (•). (D) TPTPTGTQTPT (□), TPTPTGTQTPt (○), tPTPTGTQTPT (▪), and tPTPTGTQTPt (•).

Fig. 2.

Decomposition of synthetic MUC2 peptides in 50% human serum. (A) TPTPTGTQTPT (•), TPTPTGTQtpt (×), tptPTGTQTPT (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (□). (B) TPTPTGQTtpt (•), tPTPTGQTtpt (○), tpTPTGTQtpt (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (□). (C) tptPTGTQTPT (•), tptPTGTQTPt (○), tptPTGTQTpt (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (□). (D) TPTPTGTQTPT (•), TPTPTGQTTPt (×), tPTPTGTQTPT (▪), and tPTPTGTQTPt (□).

Fig. 3.

Decomposition of synthetic MUC2 peptides in lysosomal preparation (pH 3.5). (A) TPTPTGTQTPT (•), TPTPTGTQtpt (○), tptPTGTQTPT (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (□). (B) tptPTGTQTPT (•), tptPTGTQTPt (○), tptPTGTQTpt (▪), and tptPTGTQtpt (□).