[Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia]

Abstract

Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia (OMIM *242900) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that affects primarily the bone, the immune system, the kidneys, the skin and the vascular system. The patients have intrauterine growth retardation, short stature with short neck and trunk, peculiar clinical phenotype: triangular face, broad nasal bridge, bulbous nasal tip, small palpebral fissures, long upper lip and low hairline. The characteristic features include spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, hyperpigmented maculae, proteinuria with progressive renal failure, lymphopenia with recurrent infections and cerebral ischaemia. We describe a girl, 5 years old, with short-trunk type of dwarfism (height 75 cm, below 3rd centile), short neck, accentuated lumbal lordosis and protruding abdomen. The patient had peculiar face with a broad, depressed nasal bridge, bulbous nasal tip, and slightly elongated upper lip. The hair was thin and sparse. Numerous pigmented spots resembling lentigines were visible on the trunk and abdomen. Radiographs showed spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. At the age of 2 years laboratory analyses showed normal growth hormone secretion, normal thyroid function tests, normal female karyotype and no mucopolisachariduria. Since the age of 4 years, several episodes of transitory right-sided hemiparesis with spontaneous recovery, were observed. Seizures occurred at 5 years of age, when the MRI brain imaging showed multiple areas of ischaemia. She also experienced transient nephrotic syndrome, lymphopenia and low IgG accompanied by septicaemia.