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. 2004 Dec;71(6):803-10.

Spatio-temporal analysis of reinfestation by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) following insecticide spraying in a rural community in northwestern Argentina

María C Cecere  1 , Gonzalo M Vazquez-Prokopec, Ricardo E Gürtler, Uriel Kitron
Affiliations

Spatio-temporal analysis of reinfestation by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) following insecticide spraying in a rural community in northwestern Argentina

María C Cecere et al. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004 Dec.

Abstract

The spatio-temporal reinfestation patterns by Triatoma infestans following a blanket insecticide spraying in the rural community of Amama in northwestern Argentina were analyzed using a geographic information system, satellite imagery, and spatial statistics. Domestic and peridomestic reinfestation by triatomine bugs was monitored from 1993 to 1997. Triatoma infestans was detected at least once in 75% of 2,110 sites evaluated. The prevalence of sites positive at least once for T. infestans during the study period increased sharply from 1993-1995 (0.6-2.9%) to November 1997 (32%). The initial source of T. infestans was a pig corral in southern Amama one year post-spraying. Subsequent infestations were clustered around this initial focus at a distance of approximately 400 meters starting in 1995. In 1996, clustering was maximized in sites within the same or in neighboring compounds at distances of 25-175 meters. An effective control program on the community level will be based on the spraying of actual epicenters and sites within 450 meters of these epicenters to prevent the propagation of T. infestans.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A, Percentage of infested sites (▪) and mean number of Triatoma infestans per infested sites from 1993 to 1997 in Amamá, Argentina. B, Percentage of infested sites in Amamá by ecotope and date of evaluation from 1993 to 1997.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total numbers of Triatoma infestans in domestic (collections by flushing out, sensor boxes, and householders) and peridomestic (collections by flushing out) sites from A, 1993 to 1995 and B, 1996 to 1997 in Amamá, Argentina.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Location of infested source in 1993 (pig corral of house A116), and numbers of Triatoma infestans per site in 1995 and 1996 in Amamá, Argentina. Shaded areas represent significant clustering distances around the pig corral source in 1993. The asterisk represents the source of reinfestation in 1993.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pig corral of house A116, the initial source of the Triatoma infestans reinfestation in Amamá, Argentina.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Focal clustering (- Gi[d] for P < 0.05) of bug abundance around A, the 1993 pig corral source in 1995 (solid line), 1996 (dashed line), and 1997 (dotted line), and B, around the store room of A30 in November 1996 (dotted line), pig corral A107 in November 1996 (dashed line), and pig corral A46 in November 1997 (solid line).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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