Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a 20% mannitol solution and a 7.5% saline/6% dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the effects of equimolar doses of hypertonic saline and dextran solution (HSD, Rescueflow) with 20% mannitol solution for reduction of increased intracranial pressure.

Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled, crossover trial in the intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital.

Setting: Academic hospital and tertiary referral center for neuroscience.

Patients: Nine patients with an intracranial pressure of >20 mm Hg were recruited and received two treatments of each, HSD and 20% mannitol, in a randomized order.

Intervention: Equimolar, rapid intravenous infusions of either 200 mL of 20% mannitol or 100 mL of 7.5% saline and 6% dextran-70 solution (HSD) over 5 mins.

Measurements: Intracranial pressure, blood pressure, serum and urine sodium and osmolality, and urine output.

Main results: Treatments reduced intracranial pressure with both mannitol (median decrease, 7.5 mm Hg, 95% confidence interval, 5.8-11.8) and HSD (median decrease, 13 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 11.5-17.3). HSD caused a significantly greater decrease in intracranial pressure than mannitol (p = .044). HSD had a longer duration of effect than mannitol (p = .044).

Conclusion: When given in an equimolar, rapid, intravenous infusion, HSD reduces intracranial pressure more effectively than mannitol.