Plectin deficient epidermolysis bullosa simplex with 27-year-history of muscular dystrophy

Abstract

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with muscular dystrophy is caused by plectin deficiency.

Objective: To report clinical, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and molecular features of a 52-year-old Japanese patient affected with this disease, whose muscular disease had been followed-up for 27 years.

Methods: We performed histopathological study, immunofluorescence, electron microscopic study and mutation detection analysis for plectin.

Results: The patient developed blisters and erosions followed by nail deformity on the traumatized regions from birth. The skin lesions were continuously developed to date. The histopathological study showed subepidermal blister. Electron microscopic study showed blister formation inside the basal cells at the level just above the attachment plaque of hemidesmosome. Immunofluorescence showed complete loss of staining to plectin. The mutation analysis using protein truncation test and DNA sequencing revealed a C-to-T transition at nucleotide position 7006 of the plectin cDNA sequence, which lead a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (R2319X).

Conclusion: From the above results, the diagnosis of epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with muscular dystrophy was made. Slight muscular dystrophy was noticed at the age of 25 years. The muscular dystrophy gradually progressed and she could not walk at the age of 46 years. However, she can still breathe and swallow by herself. This is the patient of this disease with the longest follow-up, and may indicate the slow progress of muscular condition of this disease.