Exposure to nonhuman primates in rural Cameroon

Abstract

Exposure to nonhuman primates has led to the emergence of important diseases, including Ebola hemorrhagic fever, AIDS, and adult T-cell leukemia. To determine the extent of exposure to nonhuman primates, persons were examined in 17 remote villages in Cameroon that represented three habitats (savanna, gallery forest, and lowland forest). Questionnaire data were collected to assess whether persons kept wild animal pets; hunted and butchered wild game; had experienced bites, scratches, or injuries from live animals; or had been injured during hunting or butchering. While all villages had substantial exposure to nonhuman primates, higher rates of exposure were seen in lowland forest sites. The study demonstrates that exposure is not limited to small groups of hunters. A high percentage of rural villagers report exposure to nonhuman primate blood and body fluids and risk acquiring infectious diseases.

Figure 1

Map of study sites in southern Cameroon in relation to the distribution of lowland tropical forest in central Africa (in green).

Figure 2

Percentage of participants in rural villages reporting exposure to wild game (monkeys, chimpanzees, and gorillas combined) by keeping pets, hunting, butchering, and eating, with average monthly frequency of wild game meal consumption for all species examined.

Figure 3

Percentage of male and female participants reporting exposure to wild game taxa (gorilla [G], chimpanzee [C], monkey [M], and rodent [R]) through keeping pets, hunting, butchering, and eating.