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. 2004 Oct;104(10):4245-69.
doi: 10.1021/cr020730k.

What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors?

Martin Winter  1 , Ralph J Brodd
Affiliations

What are batteries, fuel cells, and supercapacitors?

Martin Winter et al. Chem Rev. 2004 Oct.

Abstract

Electrochemical energy conversion devices are pervasive in our daily lives. Batteries, fuel cells and supercapacitors belong to the same family of energy conversion devices. They are all based on the fundamentals of electrochemical thermodynamics and kinetics. All three are needed to service the wide energy requirements of various devices and systems. Neither batteries, fuel cells nor electrochemical capacitors, by themselves, can serve all applications.

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