Uterine artery embolization for pedunculated subserosal fibroids

Abstract

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the outcomes of uterine artery embolization as a treatment for pedunculated subserosal fibroids, which we defined as those in which the diameter of the stalk was 50% narrower than the diameter of the fibroid.

Materials and methods: During a 72-month period, 196 consecutive women underwent embolization for treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids that were confirmed on baseline sagittal and axial MR images. We identified those women with pedunculated subserosal fibroids treated with embolization and retrospectively assessed complications and out-comes of embolization using a serial questionnaire and MRI.

Results: Of the 196 women, 12 (age range, 34-48 years; mean age, 42.3 years) had one or more pedunculated subserosal fibroids. Fifteen pedunculated subserosal fibroids were identified on baseline MR images in the 12 patients. The mean tumor diameter was 8.3 cm (range, 4.0-15.5 cm; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.7-9.9 cm). The mean stalk diameter was 3.1 cm (range, 2.0-5.5 cm; 95% CI, 2.5-3.7 cm). The follow-up period ranged from 5 to 51 months (mean, 18.1 months). No serious complications such as separation of the tumors from the uterus, torsion of the tumors, or infection occurred after embolization. Enhanced MR images obtained 1 week after embolization showed that complete devascularization of the tumors had been achieved in 73% (11/15) of the tumors. The rates of mean tumor volume reduction were 41% (range, 12-73%) 4 months and 53% (range, 31-85%) 1 year after embolization. The mean stalk diameter was 3.2 cm (range, 1.7-5.4 cm; 95% CI, 2.5-3.9 cm) 4 months and 2.9 cm (range, 1.1-4.2 cm; 95% CI, 1.8-3.9 cm) 1 year after embolization. No significant difference in stalk diameters was noted 4 months (p=0.617) or 1 year (p=0.963) after embolization compared with the diameters before the treatment. The rates of mean uterus volume reduction were 35% (range, 15-47%) 4 months and 47% (range, 35-60%) 1 year after embolization. Marked or moderate improvement in bulk-related symptoms was achieved in 100% (10/10) of the women at 4-month follow-up, 100% (5/5) at 1-year follow-up, and 100% (2/2) at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion: We found no serious complications after embolization for pedunculated subserosal fibroids with stalk diameters of 2 cm or larger. Successful outcomes can be obtained in such tumors.