Comparison of general and epidural anesthesia in elective cesarean section for placenta previa totalis: maternal hemodynamics, blood loss and neonatal outcome

Abstract

There are few consistent guidelines in choosing anesthesia for cesarean section for a parturient with placenta previa. This prospective randomized trial was organized to compare the maternal hemodynamics, blood loss and neonatal outcome of general versus epidural anesthesia for cesarean section with the diagnosis of grade 4 placenta previa. After giving informed consent, 12 patients received general anesthesia and 13 received epidural. Intraoperative blood pressures demonstrated a more stable course in the epidural group than in the general group. Blood loss did not differ significantly between the groups (1622 +/- 775 mL vs. 1418 +/- 996 mL). General anesthesia resulted in lower immediate postoperative hematocrit level (28.1 +/- 3.5% vs. 32.5 +/- 5.0%, P < 0.05). The patients in the general group received a significantly larger transfusion than the epidural group (1.08 +/- 1.6 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.9 units, P < 0.05). The Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min were similar in the two groups (8 [4-9] vs. 8 [7-9] and 10 [6-10] vs. 9 [9-10], respectively). We concluded that epidural anesthesia is superior to general anesthesia in elective cesarean section for grade 4 placenta previa with regard to maternal hemodynamics and blood loss. There was no difference in neonatal outcome.