Serological and virological assessment of oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines in a rural population in Kenya

Abstract

A study was carried out in a rural community in Kenya to compare the humoral and intestinal immunity provided by three doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and two or three doses of enhanced-potency inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). The immunization series was started at 8-12 weeks of age and the interval between doses was 2 months. In children with low levels of maternal antibodies (i.e., those most at risk), the first dose of either vaccine stimulated antibody response. Children with high levels of maternal antibodies responded to the first dose of OPV, but not to that of IPV. Subsequent doses led to increases in the mean antibody titres with both vaccines. After three doses of OPV, the proportion of children with antibody titres of greater than or equal to 1:8 was 92% for type 1 virus, 98% for type 2, and 90% for type 3. After two doses of IPV the proportion of children with antibody titres of greater than or equal to 1:8 was 94%, 88%, and 97% for type 1, type 2, and type 3, respectively; after three doses of IPV, 100% of children had antibodies greater than or equal to 1:8 for types 1 and 3, and 98% for type 2. Intestinal immunity was tested with a challenge dose of type 1 OPV, but the dose used was too small to detect a significant difference between the vaccines.