Surgical excision of isolated renal-bed recurrence after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma

Abstract

Objective: To present our results on managing loco-regional recurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with surgical excision, as local recurrence at the site of a previous nephrectomy is resistant to both systemic therapy and radiotherapy.

Patients and methods: In all, 16 patients were operated on between 1994 and 2003 for local recurrence of RCC. The median (mean, range) age at the time of local recurrence was 57.9 (57.4, 28.9-71.7) years, and the median interval from primary surgery 2.22 (3.88, 0.27-14.46) years. Before surgery eight patients had been given systemic immunotherapy, with no response of their local recurrence.

Results: Two patients were deemed inoperable because of direct invasion of the great vessels and the liver by tumour. The remaining 14 patients had recurrence in residual adrenal tissue (two), para-aortic nodes (three), para-caval nodes (two), retrocaval nodes (one), renal bed (six), liver, spleen and stomach (one each), and diaphragm (two). Although complete macroscopic en-bloc clearance was achieved in these patients, only eight had tumour-free margins on histological examination. The histology was consistent with RCC recurrence in all cases. All of the patients were followed with computed tomography at regular intervals. At a median follow-up of 1.0 (1.65, 0.25-6.5) years, five patients remain disease-free, four have local and distant relapse, and five developed distant metastasis only. The presence of tumour at the resection margin was a significant factor in predicting local and distant disease-free survival (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: En bloc excision of isolated locally recurrent RCC is possible, and complete surgical extirpation can lead to prolonged disease-free survival.