The gene responsible for X-linked cleft palate (CPX) in a British Columbia native kindred is localized between PGK1 and DXYS1

Abstract

Human craniofacial malformations are a class of common congenital anomalies in which the etiology is heterogeneous and often poorly understood. To better delineate the molecular basis of craniofacial development, we have undertaken a series of experiments directed toward the isolation of a gene involved in human secondary palate formation. DNA marker linkage studies have been performed in a large British Columbia (B.C.) Native family in which cleft palate segregates as an X-linked trait. We have examined 62 family members, including 15 affected males and 8 obligate carrier females. A previous clinical description of the clefting defect in this kindred included submucous cleft palate and bifid or absent uvula. Our recent reevaluation of the family has indicated that ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) is also a feature of X-linked cleft palate in some of the affected males and carrier females. Ankyloglossia has previously been associated with X-linked cleft palate in an Icelandic kindred in which a gene responsible for cleft palate (CPX) was assigned to the Xq21.3-q22 region between DXYS12 and DXS17. For the B.C. kindred reported here, we have mapped the gene responsible for cleft palate and/or ankyloglossia to a more proximal position on the X chromosome. No recombination was observed between B.C. CPX and the DNA marker DXS72 (peak lod score [Zmax] = 7.44 at recombination fraction [theta] = .0) localized to Xq21.1. Recombination was observed between CPX and PGK1 (Zmax = 7.35 at theta = .03) and between CPX and DXYS1 (Zmax = 5.59 at theta = .04). These recombination events localize B.C. CPX between PGK1 and DXYS1 in the Xq13-q21.31 region.