Monitoring stiffness changes in lesions after radiofrequency ablation at different temperatures and durations of ablation

Abstract

The variations in the stiffness or stiffness contrast of lesions resulting from radiofrequency (RF) ablation of canine liver tissue at different temperatures and for different ablation durations at a specified temperature are analyzed. Tissue stiffness, in general, increases with temperature; however, an anomaly exists around 80 degrees C, where the stiffness of the lesion is lower than that of the lesion ablated at 70 degrees C. On the other hand, the stiffness increases monotonically with the duration of ablation. Plots illustrating the ratio of mean strains in normal canine liver tissue to mean strains in ablated thermal lesions demonstrate the variation in the stiffness contrast of the thermal lesions. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRe) of the lesions, which serves as an indicator of the detectability of the lesions under the different experimental imaging conditions described above, is also presented. The results presented in this paper show that the elastographic depiction of stiffer thermal lesions is better, in terms of the CNRe parameter. An important criterion in the elastographic depiction of RF-ablated regions of tissue is the trade-off between ablation temperature and duration of ablation. Tissue necrosis can occur either by ablating tissue to high temperatures for short durations or to lower temperatures for longer durations. In this paper, we attempt to characterize the elastographic depiction of thermal lesions under these different experimental conditions. This paper provides results that may be utilized by practitioners of RF ablation to decide the ablation temperature and duration, on the basis of the strain images of normal liver tissue and ablated thermal lesions discussed in this paper.