Nursing role in the multidisciplinary management of motor neurone disease

Abstract

Motor neurone disease (MND) is a debilitating and progressive neurological disorder in which degeneration of the motor neurones results in muscle weakness and wasting. Recent high-profile media coverage about assisted suicide and euthanasia has increased awareness of MND and yet still relatively little is known or understood about it, even among the healthcare profession. This article looks at the key areas in management of patients with MND, including the role of the nurse and the importance of a well-coordinated multidisciplinary team. Ways to deal with communication problems, respiratory dysfunction, feeding and nutrition, and legal and ethical issues are examined. Good management of patients with MND involves a hospital and community-based multidisciplinary team. The essence of care is good symptomatic management of respiratory failure and nutritional problems that result from difficulties in swallowing and increasing dependency. Palliative care should be introduced before the terminal stages after careful discussion with the patient and carers. Most patients with MND die from pulmonary infections or respiratory failure, but contrary to popular belief, death by choking attacks is rare and the final stages of MND are usually peaceful and dignified.