Efalizumab

Abstract

Efalizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to CD11a, the alpha-subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, and consequently inhibits T-cell activation. In randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, efalizumab 1.0 mg/kg, administered subcutaneously once weekly for 12 weeks, significantly reduced disease activity in patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Significantly more efalizumab recipients had a > or =75% decrease in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score [22.4-38.9%] than placebo recipients (2.4-4.9%); an additional 12 weeks of treatment resulted in sustained or increased PASI responses. The efficacy of weekly subcutaneous efalizumab was maintained during 15 months of treatment. Efalizumab significantly improved health-related quality of life in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis, with significant improvements in all the Dermatology Life Quality Index domains. Efalizumab was generally well tolerated in patients with chronic, moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, with few serious adverse events or treatment withdrawals. The most common adverse events were headache, chills, myalgia, pain, and fever; these most often occurred within 2 days of administration of the drug, were most frequent after the first or second dose, and decreased in frequency over time.