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Review
. 2005 May;11(3):208-12.
doi: 10.1097/01.mcp.0000159833.28271.00.

Noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS

Affiliations
Review

Noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS

Georgette D Kanmogne. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2005 May.

Abstract

Purpose of review: This article reviews recent findings on noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS, with a focus on HIV/AIDS-related lung malignancies and pulmonary hypertension, and discusses their incidence in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era.

Recent findings: Noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS are now recognized as important contributors to morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. This is especially the case for HIV-related lung cancer and other non-AIDS-defining malignancies, which are now being diagnosed with increased frequency in HIV-infected patients. The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma and AIDS-related lymphoma has decreased in the HAART era, but compared with the general population, the risk of these malignancies and pulmonary hypertension is still very high in HIV-infected patients. Concurrent use of HAART and chemotherapy improves prognosis and survival of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma. For patients with HIV-related pulmonary hypertension, some studies show no beneficial effect of HAART whereas other reports show that HAART improves patient survival and response to antihypertensive treatment.

Summary: The beneficial effect of HAART and improved immune response on the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma and AIDS-related lymphoma suggests that HIV or viral-induced immunosuppression plays an important role in the development of these malignancies. Evidence from current studies suggests that HAART does not protect against HIV-related lung cancer. The full impact of HAART on HIV pulmonary hypertension remains to be determined.

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