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Clinical Trial
. 2005 Feb;46(2):155-62.

Efficacy of a saponin-adjuvanted inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves

John A Ellis  1 , Keith H West, Cheryl Waldner, Carrie Rhodes
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Efficacy of a saponin-adjuvanted inactivated respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in calves

John A Ellis et al. Can Vet J. 2005 Feb.

Abstract
in English, French

The objective of this study was to determine whether a commercially available, saponin-adjuvanted, inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccine would protect calves from experimental infection with virulent BRSV. This was a randomized controlled trial comprising 14, 8- to 9-week-old calves seronegative for BRSV Group 1 calves (n = 8) were not vaccinated and group 2 calves (n = 6) were vaccinated on days 0 and 19 with an inactivated BRSV vaccine. All calves were challenged with virulent BRSV on day 46. Clinical signs, arterial PO2, and immune responses were monitored after challenge. Calves were euthanatized on day 54 (8 d after challenge) and lungs were examined for lesions. Vaccination elicited increases in BRSV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and virus neutralizing antibody titers. Challenge with BRSV resulted in severe respiratory tract disease and extensive pulmonary lesions in control calves, but no signs of clinical disease and minimal or no pulmonary lesions in vaccinated calves. Arterial blood oxygen values on day 53 (7 d after challenge) in control calves were significantly lower than those in vaccinated calves, which remained within normal limits. Control calves shed BRSV for several days after challenge, whereas BRSV was not detected on deep nasal swabs from vaccinated calves. In summary, the results indicated that this inactivated BRSV vaccine provided clinical protection from experimental infection with virulent virus 27 d after vaccination and significantly decreased the prevalence and severity of pulmonary lesions. Efficacy was similar to that reported for other commercial inactivated and modified-live BRSV vaccines.

Résumé — Efficacité d’un vaccin inactif à adjuvant de saponine contre le virus respiratoire syncytial chez le veau. L’objectif de cette étude était de déterminer si un vaccin inactif à adjuvant de saponine contre le virus respiratoire syncytial bovin (VRSB), disponible dans le commerce, pouvait protéger les veaux contre une infection expérimentale par le VRSB virulent. Cette expérience contrôlée comprenait 14 veaux séronégatifs répartis au hasard et âgés de 8 à 9 semaines. Les veaux du groupe 1 (n = 8) n’ont pas été vaccinés et ceux du groupe 2 (n = 6) ont été vaccinés aux jours 0 et 19 avec un vaccin inactivé contre le VRSB. Tous les veaux ont été infectés avec du VRSB virulent au jour 46. Les signes cliniques, le PO2 artériel et les réponses immunitaires ont été enregistrés après l’infection. Les veaux ont été euthanasiés au jour 54 (8 jours après l’infection) et les poumons ont été examinés dans le but d’y observer des lésions. La vaccination a causé une augmentation du titre des immunoglobulines spécifiques au VRSB (Ig)G et des anticorps neutralisants du virus. L’infection par le VRSB a causé une grave maladie du tractus respiratoire et des lésions pulmonaires extensives chez les veaux témoins, mais aucun signe de maladie clinique et pas de lésions ou des lésions minimes seulement chez les veaux vaccinés. Les valeurs de l’oxygène du sang artériel au jour 53 (7 jours après l’infection) chez les veaux témoins étaient significativement plus basses que celles chez les veaux vaccinés, lesquelles se situaient dans les valeurs normales. Les veaux témoins ont éliminé du VRSB pendant plusieurs jours après l’infection alors que les VRSB n’étaient pas détectés dans les prélèvements provenant des voies nasales profondes des veaux vaccinés. En résumé, les résultats indiquent que ce vaccin inactivé contre le VRSB assure une protection clinique contre une infection expérimentale avec le virus virulent 27 jours après la vaccination et diminue significativement la prévalence et la sévérité des lésions pulmonaires. L’efficacité était semblable à celle rapportée pour d’autres vaccins commerciaux inactivés et vivants modifiés contre le VRSB.

(Traduit par Docteur André Blouin)

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean (± standard deviation) rectal temperatures after challenge on day 0 with virulent bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in unvaccinated control calves (♦) and calves vaccinated with an inactivated BRSV vaccine (□).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mean (± standard deviation) respiration rates after challenge on day 0 with virulent bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in unvaccinated control calves (♦) and calves vaccinated with an inactivated BRSV vaccine (□).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter plot of arterial oxygen values on day 7 after challenge (A) and percentage pneumonic lung at necropsy (B). Symbols represent values from individual vaccinated (□) and control (♦) calves. Bars represent group mean values.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Scatter plot of nasal shedding of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) after challenge on day 0. Symbols represent BRSV shed from individual control calves. Vaccinated calves did not shed BRSV before or after challenge. Bars represent group mean values.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Scatter plot of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) neutralizing antibody titers after vaccination on day 0. Symbols represent antibody titers from individual vaccinated calves. Control calves did not have BRSV neutralizing antibodies before or after challenge. Bars represent group geometric mean values.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mean (± standard deviation) bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV)-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody titers as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after vaccination on day 0. Control calves did not have BRSV-specific IgG antibody titers before or after challenge.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Lungs from representative vaccinated calf.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Lungs from representative control calf note cranioventral atelectasis and emphysema in the dorsal areas of the lung.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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