Long-term outcomes of restorative proctocolectomy for Crohn's disease and indeterminate colitis

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aims to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy (RPC) for Crohn's disease (CD) and Indeterminate colitis (IC) and to identify factors associated with adverse outcomes.

Methods: A descriptive study of 52 patients with CD or IC from a total of 1652 patients undergoing primary or salvage RPC in a single tertiary referral centre between 1978 and 2003. Primary outcomes were ileal pouch failure (excision or indefinite diversion), adverse events and functional outcomes (bowel frequency, urgency and continence).

Results: Patients with IC or IC favouring ulcerative colitis (Group 1, n = 26) had a pouch failure rate of 11.5%vs 57.5% for patients with CD or IC favouring CD (Group 2, n = 26). Pouch salvage surgery was undertaken in 15 patients with a 13.3% failure rate. Patients in Group 2 were 2.6 times more likely (95% CI: 0.96-7. No significant differences were evident between CD and IC patients with regards to pelvic sepsis (19.2%vs 15.4%), anastomotic stricture (23.1%vs 21.7%), small bowel obstruction (26.9%vs 26.9%) or pouchitis (15.4%vs 11.5%). The 24-h bowel frequency (7.5 vs 8), faecal urgency, daytime or night time incontinence were similar between patients with CD or IC..17) to develop a pouch-related fistula than patients in Group 1.

Discussion: Crohn's disease and to a great extent indeterminate colitis favouring CD were both associated with high failure rates and postoperative pouch-related fistula rates. Despite these problems, functional outcomes for patients with CD or IC were similar. Patients with IC should remain candidates for RPC but careful pre-operative assessment is advised to exclude clinical signs favouring the diagnosis of CD. The complications associated with failure are extensive and the option of reconstructive surgery in patients with CD should be questioned.