Progress in concurrent analysis of loss of heterozygosity and comparative genomic hybridization utilizing high density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays

Abstract

Genetic aberrations, such as deletions and amplifications are among the major pathogenetic mechanisms underlying many medical disorders. Analysis of chromosomal aberrations is particularly important in cancer research, where amplifications of oncogenes and deletions of tumor suppressor genes are major steps in the "multi-hit" process of tumorigenesis. Genome-wide molecular biological analyses, such as loss of heterozygosity (LOH) profiling and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) have significantly enhanced our ability to detect chromosomal aberrations in cancer cells and assess their role in tumorigenesis. The recent introduction of high-density oligonucleotide arrays for measuring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) has sparked a new wave of high-resolution genetic mapping studies, including LOH and CGH applications on various cancer types. This review highlights recent progress on concurrent LOH and CGH analyses utilizing high density SNP arrays and their application in cancer research.