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. 2005 May;3(5):e164.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0030164. Epub 2005 May 17.

The neural basis of birdsong

Fernando Nottebohm  1
Affiliations

The neural basis of birdsong

Fernando Nottebohm. PLoS Biol. 2005 May.

Abstract

Songbirds represent an excellent model system for understanding the neural mechanisms underlying learning.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The Song System of Songbirds
Nucleus HVC feeds information into two pathways that ultimately lead to the neurons in the tracheosyringeal half of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXIIts) that project to vocal muscles. HVC projects to nucleus RA directly (PDP), and indirectly via Area X, the dorsolateral anterior thalamic nucleus (DLM), and LMAN (AFP) in a manner that shares similarities with the mammalian pathway cortex→basal ganglia→thalamus→cortex.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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