Identification and characterisation of two runx2 homologues in zebrafish with different expression patterns

Abstract

Genome and gene duplications are considered to be the impetus to generate new genes, as the presence of multiple copies of a gene allows for paralogues to adopt novel function. After at least two rounds of genome/gene duplication, the Runt gene family consists of three members in vertebrates, instead of one in invertebrates. One of the family members, Runx2, plays a key role in the development of bone, a tissue that first occurs in vertebrates. The family has thus gained new gene function in the course of evolution. Two Runx2 genes were cloned in the vertebrate model system the zebrafish (Danio rerio). The expression patterns of the two genes differ and their kinetics differ up to four fold. In addition, splice forms exist that are novel when compared with mammals. Together, these findings comprise opportunities for selection and retention of the paralogues towards divergent and possibly new function.