Functional-Performance Deficits in Volunteers With Functional Ankle Instability

Abstract

Context: Although functional-performance tests are dynamic measures used to assess general lower body function, studies investigating these tests for ankle instability have yielded conflicting results.Objective: To determine if a relationship exists between a measure of functional ankle instability and deficits in functional performance.Design: A case-control study correlating subject performance on a set of lower extremity functional-performance tests with a measure of ankle instability.Setting: University athletic training research laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: We recruited 60 participants (43 females, 17 males, age = 22.4 +/- 4.9 years, height = 169.9 +/- 9.7 cm, mass = 72.6 +/- 16.3 kg; 42 injured, 18 uninjured) to participate in the study. Six questions were used to determine if functional ankle instability was present in each participant. A point was added for each yes response to produce an index that represents a continuous variable of functional ankle instability.Main Outcome Measure(s): Four unilateral hopping tests were used in this study: figure-of-8 hop, side hop, up-down hop, and single hop. For the first 3 tests, the total time was recorded with a handheld stopwatch to the nearest 0.01 second; for the single hop-for-distance test, the distance was recorded to the nearest 0.01 m. Correlations were computed with the functional ankle instability index and each of the 4 functional-performance tests.Results: No relationship was revealed between the functional ankle instability index and single hop for distance or up-down hop, with r values of -.008 and .245, respectively. A significant relationship was found between the functional ankle instability index and the side hop (r = .35, P </= .01) and the figure-of-8 hop (r = .31, P </= .02).Conclusions: A positive relationship existed between functional ankle instability and performance deficits on the side hop and figure-of-8 hop. Conversely, a relationship did not exist between functional ankle instability and frontal-plane functional-performance activities.

A, Figure-of-8 hop test

B, Side-hop test. C, Up-down hop test. D, Single-hop test