Introduction to biomechanics of the cornea

Abstract

Background: As refractive procedures involving the cornea have proliferated, concerns over the long-term stability and predictability of these procedures have occupied a more prominent role.

Methods: Procedures and principles of mechanical engineering to mathematically model the cornea can provide valuable insight into the biomechanics of the cornea, and this approach can be used to predict corneal behavior. In order to utilize these advanced methods, some basic knowledge concerning limitations, assumptions, and techniques regarding the finite element method is needed. The principles of mechanical measurement of deformable bodies are discussed, as are the quantities stress, strain, Poisson's ratio, and creep as they are measured and used in the modeling of biologic systems. The finite element modeling procedure is discussed in a simplified geometric system.

Conclusions: While work remains to be done in this area, it is seen that useful and predictive models can be created which significantly improve our understanding and predictability of corneal procedures.