No difference between prednisolone and dexamethasone treatment in bone mineral density and growth in long term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Abstract

Background: Dexamethasone is known to have both more potent leukemic activity and is associated with a higher incidence of side effects than prednisolone. In this study, we compared the long-term effects of dexamethasone and prednisolone on bone mineral density (BMD), body composition and growth in long-term survivors of ALL in first complete remission.

Procedure: Ninety patients (51 male, 49 female; 8.6-38.5 year), treated with either a prednisolone containing protocol (n = 47; n = 19 also with CNS-irradiation) or a dexamethasone containing protocol (n = 43; no cranial irradiation) participated in this cross-sectional single center study. Mean follow-up was 12.7 years (2.0-29.7 years). BMD of lumbar spine and total body, and body composition were expressed as standard deviation scores (SDS) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone mineral apparent density of the lumbar spine (BMAD) was calculated to correct for bone size.

Results: There was no difference in height, height corrected for target height, BMD, or lean body mass between prednisolone and dexamethasone treated patients. Prednisolone treated patients had an increased percentage body fat (SDS +0.46; P < 0.05) and increased body mass index (SDS 0.88; P < 0.01) compared to normal. Dexamethasone treated patients had only an increased body mass index (SDS 0.52; P < 0.05). Height, total body BMD, and lean body mass were lower in patients treated with cranial irradiation as compared to non-irradiated patients, but differences in the latter two disappeared when corrected for height. BMAD was normal after CNS-irradiation.

Conclusions: Long term survivors of ALL treated with prednisolone or dexamethasone containing regimens do not differ in height, BMD, or body composition.