Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: magic or black magic

Abstract

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy has been used not only as replacement treatment for immunodeficiency, but also as treatment of autoimmune diseases, specifically Kawasaki disease, systemic juvenile arthritis and juvenile dermatomyositis. In Kawasaki disease, IVIG reduces the incidence of coronary artery abnormalities, as well as rapidly improving clinical and laboratory variables such as fever and rash, platelet count, white blood cell count and serum albumin. Furthermore, a single high dose of 2 g/kg is as effective as 400 mg/kg x 4 days. In systemic juvenile arthritis, followup of at least one year demonstrated that monthly treatment with IVIG resulted in improvement of systemic disease in 10/11 patients, allowed for cessation of prednisone treatment in 7/8 patients and significant improvement of arthritis in 8 patients. In juvenile dermatomyositis, we report 2 uncontrolled trials of IVIG treatment that resulted in significant clinical improvement and steroid-sparing. In contrast, IVIG treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) resulted in improvement in 3 patients, but exacerbation or new onset of renal disease in 3 patients. Overall, our report demonstrates that IVIG has been effective both in a controlled trial in Kawasaki disease and in uncontrolled trials in systemic juvenile arthritis and juvenile dermatomyositis. We suggest that IVIG should be used cautiously in SLE.