Post-discharge home-based support for older cardiac patients: a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Hospital and exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programmes do not suit many older patients and home-based rehabilitation may be more effective.

Objective: To evaluate a home-based intervention for patients aged 65 years or over discharged home from hospital after emergency admission for suspected myocardial infarction.

Design: A single-blind randomised controlled trial comparing home-based intervention by a nurse with usual care.

Subjects: Patients aged 65 years or over discharged home after hospitalisation with suspected myocardial infarction (n= 324).

Intervention: Home-based intervention (n = 163) consisted of home visits at 1-2 and 6-8 weeks after hospital discharge by a nurse who encouraged compliance with and knowledge of their treatment regimen, offered support and guidance about resuming daily activities, and involved other community services as appropriate.

Measurements: Up to 100 days after admission, data were collected on deaths, hospital readmissions and use of outpatient services. Survivors were sent a postal questionnaire to assess activities of daily living and quality of life.

Results: At 100 day follow-up there was no difference in deaths, activities of daily living or overall quality of life, but those in the intervention group scored significantly better on the confidence and self-esteem subsections. The intervention group had fewer hospital readmissions (35 versus 51, relative risk 0.68, 95% CI 0.47-0.98, P < 0.05) and fewer days of hospitalisation after initial discharge (mean difference -1.7, 95% CI -2.09 to -1.31, P < 0.05). A total of 42/43 individuals in the intervention group had resumed driving at follow-up, compared with 32/43 in the usual care group (observed difference between proportions 23%, 95% CI 9-37%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Amongst older patients discharged home after hospitalisation for suspected myocardial infarction, home-based nurse intervention may improve confidence and self-esteem, and reduce early hospital readmissions.