Practical guidelines for preparing and administering amphotericin B

Abstract

Current practices used in the preparation and administration of amphotericin B are evaluated, and updated guidelines are presented. Intravenous admixtures of amphotericin B 0.25 and 1.4 mg/mL in 5% dextrose injection have an expiration date of 35 days and 36 hours, respectively. Since commercial formulations of amphotericin B lack a bacteriostatic agent, admixtures should be stored at 4-8 degrees C. Protection from fluorescent light is unnecessary. Admixtures may be prepared in polyolefin, glass, or polyvinyl chloride intravenous containers; certain evacuated intravenous containers contain buffers that can cause precipitation of amphotericin B. The addition of a buffering agent to the intravenous admixture is unnecessary when the initial pH of the 5% dextrose injection exceeds 4.2. The usual daily maintenance dose of amphotericin B is 0.5-1 mg/kg i.v. The manufacturer recommends beginning intravenous therapy with a 1-mg test dose. The initiation of therapy with incrementally increased doses may be detrimental if it delays the delivery of a therapeutic dose. Amphotericin B can be infused over one to two hours (less than or equal to 50 mg/hr) in patients with adequate renal function. Bladder instillation of amphotericin B 50 mg in 1 L of sterile water has been used to treat fungal cystitis. Ancillary medications administered to treat infusion-related adverse events should be used as prophylaxis in patients with a history of hypersensitivity or unacceptable reactions and as needed for relief of symptoms. Sodium supplementation should be implemented cautiously, on a patient-specific basis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)