Management of bone metastases in cancer: a review

Abstract

The presence of bone metastases is indicative of disseminated disease and typically indicates a short-term prognosis in cancer patients. Palliation of symptoms is the primary goal of therapy, with multidisciplinary efforts yielding the best results. New classes of drugs, such as bisphosphonates that significantly increase the time to first skeletal-related event (SRE), represent useful tools for the treatment of bone metastases. While the optimal duration of therapy needs to be defined, there is clinical benefit derived from the use of this class of agents. A potential role for bisphosphonates in the prevention of bone metastases is under current evaluation in clinical trials encompassing different solid tumor types. In combination with ongoing clinical trials, basic research to identify potential novel targets in the tumor cells-bone microenvironment will further define future strategies in the treatment of bone metastases.