Carotid sinus nerve responses and ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia in adult rats following 2 weeks of postnatal hyperoxia

Abstract

Adult rats have decreased carotid body volume and reduced carotid sinus nerve, phrenic nerve, and ventilatory responses to acute hypoxic stimulation after exposure to postnatal hyperoxia (60% O2, PNH) during the first 4 weeks of life. Moreover, sustained hypoxic exposure (12%, 7 days) partially reverses functional impairment of the acute hypoxic phrenic nerve response in these rats. Similarly, 2 weeks of PNH results in the same phenomena as above except that ventilatory responses to acute hypoxia have not been measured in awake rats. Thus, we hypothesized that 2-week PNH-treated rats would also exhibit blunted chemoafferent responses to acute hypoxia, but would exhibit ventilatory acclimatization to sustained hypoxia. Rats were born into, and exposed to PNH for 2 weeks, followed by chronic room-air exposure. At 3-4 months of age, two studies were performed to assess: (1) carotid sinus nerve responses to asphyxia and sodium cyanide in anesthetized rats and (2) ventilatory and blood gas responses in awake rats before (d0), during (d1 and d7), and 1 day following (d8) sustained hypoxia. Carotid sinus nerve responses to i.v. NaCN and asphyxia (10 s) were significantly reduced in PNH-treated versus control rats; however, neither the acute hypoxic ventilatory response nor the time course or magnitude of ventilatory acclimatization differed between PNH and control rats despite similar levels of PaO2 . Although carotid body volume was reduced in PNH rats, carotid body volumes increased during sustained hypoxia in both PNH and control rats. We conclude that normal acute and chronic ventilatory responses are related to retained (though impaired) carotid body chemoafferent function combined with central neural mechanisms which may include brainstem hypoxia-sensitive neurons and/or brainstem integrative plasticity relating both central and peripheral inputs.