Smooth muscle-specific alpha tropomyosin is a marker of fully differentiated smooth muscle in lung

Abstract

Tropomyosin (Tm) is one of the major components of smooth muscle. Currently it is impossible to easily distinguish the two major smooth muscle (sm) forms of Tm at a protein level by immunohistochemistry due to lack of specific antibodies. Alpha-sm Tm contains a unique 2a exon not found in any other Tm. We have produced a polyclonal antibody to this exon that specifically detects alpha-sm Tm. We demonstrate here the utility of this antibody for the study of smooth muscle. The tissue distribution of alpha-sm Tm was shown to be highly specific to smooth muscle. Alpha-sm Tm showed an identical profile and tissue colocalization with alpha-sm actin both by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Using lung as a model organ system, we examined the developmental appearance of alpha-sm Tm in comparison to alpha-sm actin in both the mouse and human. Alpha-sm Tm is a late-onset protein, appearing much later than actin in both species. There were some differences in onset of appearance in vascular and airway smooth muscle with airway appearing earlier. Alpha-sm Tm can therefore be used as a good marker of mature differentiated smooth muscle cells. Along with alpha-sm actin and sm-myosin antibodies, alpha-sm Tm is a valuable tool for the study of smooth muscle.