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Review
. 2005 Aug 1;202(3):341-4.
doi: 10.1084/jem.20050221.

Balancing diversity and tolerance: lessons from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Annett M Jacobi  1 , Betty Diamond
Affiliations
Review

Balancing diversity and tolerance: lessons from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Annett M Jacobi et al. J Exp Med. .

Abstract

The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is caused by a failure of B cell tolerance. Recent studies in mouse models of SLE have identified several distinct tolerance checkpoints that must each function appropriately to protect against disease. However, studies of B cell repertoire selection in humans are essential to understand which checkpoints are defective in human autoimmune diseases.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Negative selection checkpoints in B cell development. There are two points of BCR diversification—initial receptor rearrangement in the bone marrow and somatic hypermutation during the germinal center reaction. Each is followed by negative selection of autoreactive cells. Negative selection, receptor editing, anergy, or deletion occur in immature and transitional B cells after BCR engagement. The mechanisms for negative selection of autoreactive cells in GCs are not known. HC, heavy chain; LC, light chain.
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